The reason why teeth darken is in the accumulation of coloring agents of different nature in them – pigments, organic molecules, tetracycline antibiotics, coffee, tobacco, soft drinks, tea, red wine, colorants, etc, in the internal structure of the teeth. In cases of roots treatments, the teeth color turns reddish-brown, sometimes almost black. There is a huge difference between whitening teeth and cleaning them from plaque and tartar. Cleaning teeth with ultrasound and soda (airflow) precedes any whitening, as it removes plaque and tartar from their surface, and thus allows the whitening agent to reach the accumulated pigments in the deeper layers of tooth enamel. There are basically three types of whitening. These are:
1. Office whitening ( performed at the clinic). It uses 30-35% urea peroxide in the form of a gel. In this method, after coating the gums with a photopolymerizing composite, the whitening gel is applied and activated with light. After whitening, the gel is washed or removed with an aspirator. The procedure can be repeated immediately, but not more than 3-4 times. The effect is noticeable immediately after the procedure, which lasts no more than 1-1.5 hours. The duration of the effect is about 2-3 years.
2. Home whitening. It uses urea peroxide gel in a concentration of 15 to 20%. It is necessary to take impressions of both jaws and make accurate silicone splints on them. A certain amount of gel is placed in the braces and then they are placed on the teeth. Stay with them for 4-6-8 hours, and this can happen during sleep. The procedure is performed every day for 14-16 days. In case of subsequent whitening by this method, the silicone rails can be reused. The whitening effect is achieved every day and is visible after 5-6 days. If necessary, whitening can be continued for a few more days for better effect. It is necessary to visit the dentist performing whitening every other day, to prevent possible complications of the gums (however, during this whitening the contact of the gel with them is the longest) and to take into account the effect of whitening on the VITA scale. Durability is about 2-3 years.
3. Whitening of dead teeth. After cleaning the canal filling paste, which led to the staining of the tooth, a whitening gel is placed in it and activated with light until the desired whitening appears. Once this is done, the seal is made.
If the bleaching is done according to the manufacturer’s instructions and the procedure is followed, no negative effects are observed. Occasionally there is a hypersensitivity of the teeth, which lasts from one to several days. Treating whitened teeth with a fluoride gel prevents or minimizes the occurrence of such complications.

Bonding is a method for aesthetic correction of the visible part of the dentition by micromechanical and chemical bonding of a photopolymer to the tooth surface, using an adhesive technique (bond). In essence, it is a minimally invasive method and does not damage teeth.

Bonding is used for:
– treatment of cavities and restoration of the integrity of front teeth
– treatment of fractures of front teeth
– closing the distance (diastema) between the upper central incisors
– change the shape of the teeth
– change the color of the teeth
– lengthening the teeth lifting the bite
– correction of minor orthodontic anomalies
– restoration of a missing tooth without filing the adjacent teeth in the form of stumps – adhesive bridge

Work protocol:
The tooth is sharpened minimally (or as needed depending on the purpose), the tooth surface is treated with an etching agent that creates micropores – the bond penetrates them and creates a strong chemical and mechanical bond. On top, by applying suitable composite masses with different colors and degree of transparency, the desired result for the color and shape of the tooth is obtained.